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No. 12of 22StationHardware

Quadruped robot and a custom four-layer controller board

CreeperX robot and mainboard

12

A 12-servo quadruped robot from a university course, and the controller board I designed afterwards to replace its tangle of breakout modules: four layers, 142 components and three independent 5 A power rails. The board design is complete and checked; it has not been fabricated yet.

When
Robot Oct – Nov 2025 · board Sep 2026
Status
Built
Team
The robot was a three-person RV University course project with a faculty guide. The mainboard is a personal follow-up project.
Role
Mainboard: sole designer. Robot: one of three; the Raspberry Pi bring-up logs come from my machine.

Progress

Progress55%

The board design is complete and checked, with 7 short power connections still to route. It is not yet fabricated, and its firmware is compiled but not run on hardware. The robot has camera and servo bring-up only.

What comes next

  1. 01Close the 7 open power connections and fix the overlapping silkscreen labels.
  2. 02Order five boards and film the first power-up.
  3. 03Publish the KiCad project and renders.

142

components on 89 nets, on a four-layer 100 × 100 mm board

A design, not hardware: no board has been built yet.

Netlist and connection list (hardware/creeperx.net, docs/CONNECTIONS.md)Verified. Backed by a file or public page that has been checked.Netlist and connection list (hardware/creeperx.net, docs/CONNECTIONS.md) — Read in the project audit of 13 November 2026. A design-analysis result, not a hardware measurement.

7

short power connections still to route

The rest is routed, with no clearance, short or keep-out violations. Overlapping silkscreen labels also need fixing before an order.

Verification notes and design-rule report (docs/VERIFICATION.md, hardware/drc.json)Verified. Backed by a file or public page that has been checked.Verification notes and design-rule report (docs/VERIFICATION.md, hardware/drc.json) — Read in the project audit of 13 November 2026. A design-analysis result, not a hardware measurement.

≈ $14.19

parts cost per board at a quantity of five

Parts only, from a check of all 34 part numbers against the assembler’s library. Nothing has been ordered.

Verification notes and BOM check (docs/VERIFICATION.md, hardware/check_bom.py)Verified. Backed by a file or public page that has been checked.Verification notes and BOM check (docs/VERIFICATION.md, hardware/check_bom.py) — Read in the project audit of 13 November 2026. A design-analysis result, not a hardware measurement.

96%

of the servo rails' rating in the worst case modeled: standing up from a crouch

A calculated power budget with 6.6 A drawn from the pack, not a measurement.

Power budget script (hardware/power_budget.py)Verified. Backed by a file or public page that has been checked.Power budget script (hardware/power_budget.py) — Read in the project audit of 13 November 2026. A design-analysis result, not a hardware measurement.

Exhibit 01 · Layers

The board, layer by layer

  1. Top silkscreen of the board in pale yellow on a dark ground: part outlines and labels such as "CONTROLLER 3V3", "SERVO RAIL A", "SERVO RAIL B", "RASPBERRY Pi 40-PIN" and the title "CreeperX MAINBOARD v1.0", which is overprinted by two part labels.
    Top silkscreenThe printed labels. A few still overlap, the board title among them; fixing that is on the list before any order.
  2. Top copper layer in red: component pads, three repeated converter layouts down the left half, header rows along the edges and bottom, with copper poured around the traces.
    Top copperComponent pads and most of the routing. The three converter stages repeat down the board.
  3. First inner layer in green: a ground plane covering the board, crossed by a few long traces and pierced by vias and header holes.
    Inner layer 1: groundThe ground plane.
  4. Second inner layer in orange, divided by two horizontal gaps into three large regions, with traces running between header rows.
    Inner layer 2: powerThe power layer, divided into regions.
  5. Bottom copper layer in blue: mostly poured copper with a handful of short traces, vias and the rows of header pads.
    Bottom copperThe rest of the routing.

01 / 05

Top silkscreen

The printed labels. A few still overlap, the board title among them; fixing that is on the list before any order.

Plots from the KiCad design, exported on 13 September 2026 and drawn here on a dark ground. A design: no board has been fabricated.

Exhibit 02 · Scorecard

Design checks, before any board exists

Results from the project's own scripts and verification notes. No board has been built, so none of these is a measurement on hardware.

Design checks, before any board exists
MeasureResultNoteSource
Netlist142 components, 89 netsConnection list and netlist
Electrical rules checkCleanApart from deliberate warnings: an LED chain output left open and unused Raspberry Pi header pins.Rules check report
RoutingAbout 1,430 track and via segments; 7 power connections openNo clearance, short or keep-out violations.Verification notes, design-rule report
Parts cost≈ $14.19 per board at five boardsParts only. 34 part numbers, all in stock when checked.Verification notes, BOM check
Power budget, worst caseServo rails 96%, 5 V rail 70% of ratingStanding up from a crouch, 6.6 A from the pack. Calculated.Power budget script
Thermal, 25 °C ambientServo converters 61 °C continuous, 91 °C peakCalculated. All parts within their rating.Verification notes
Faults caught before fabrication6 silently split nets, 9 colliding reference designatorsFound and fixed.Verification notes
Boards fabricatedNoneFirmware compiles for the ESP32 and has not run on hardware.Project audit

01

What it is

CreeperX is two things of very different strength. The first is a 12-servo quadruped robot, built as a three-person course project in late 2025. The second is the mainboard I designed for it a year later, on my own: one 100 by 100 mm, four-layer board that replaces the robot's pile of breakout modules. The board is a finished, checked design. It has not been manufactured, so nothing on this page is a measurement on hardware.

02

The hard part

The original robot was breakout modules wired to an Arduino Nano or a Raspberry Pi, and its faults were power faults. One small regulator module fed all 12 servos and the controller, with no bulk capacitance. The servo rail was over-volted. The Nano drove 12 servos at the limit of its servo library. There was no battery monitoring, and the servos went live the instant power was applied. The board had to fix each of these without tying the robot to one controller.

03

What was built

Power comes in through an XT60 connector or a screw terminal, then a 15 A fuse, a reverse-polarity transistor, a transient suppressor, and a 5 milliohm shunt that reports pack voltage and current. Three separate 5 A buck converters follow: one for the servos of legs 0 and 1, one for legs 2 and 3, and one for 5 V logic, so a servo brownout cannot reach the controller. The servo rails come up disarmed, behind two independent interlocks. A 16-channel PWM driver runs the servos, and an IMU with hardware free-fall and tilt detection sits on board. Any 3.3 V controller plugs in: an ESP32, a Pico, an STM32, or a Raspberry Pi on its 40-pin header.

The schematic is code. The netlist is written in Python with SKiDL, and placement, the board build, a collision check, the power budget, the design-rule report and the fabrication package are all scripts. Routing was done by an autorouter, Freerouting, plus a repair script of mine. Firmware exists for the ESP32 (a bring-up self-test and a Wi-Fi page to nudge single servos) and as a Raspberry Pi driver. It compiles. It has not run on hardware.

04

What the checks show

These are design-analysis results, not measurements: no board exists yet. The netlist has 142 components on 89 nets. The electrical rules check is clean apart from deliberate warnings. Routing is about 99% done: 7 short power connections are still open, with no clearance, short or keep-out violations. Parts come to about $14.19 a board at a quantity of five. In the worst case modeled, standing up from a crouch, the servo rails sit at 96% of their rating. The same checks caught 6 silently split nets and 9 colliding reference designators before any order was placed.

The robot itself has no results to report. It has a detection script for the Pi camera that uses a pretrained model, and a bring-up sketch for the servos and sensors. No successful detection run is logged, and there is no walking code. The course reports quote accuracy figures that no code, data or model backs, so none of them appear here.

05

What's next

Close the 7 open connections, fix the silkscreen labels that still overlap, order five boards, and film the first power-up. Until then this is a design, and the page says so.

Figures

3D render of the component side of the CreeperX mainboard: battery connector and screw terminal at top left, a fuse holder, three buck converter stages with inductors and capacitors down the middle, servo headers along both edges, a 16-channel servo driver, a controller header at top right and a 40-pin Raspberry Pi header along the bottom.
A 3D render from the design files, not a photograph. The board has not been fabricated. Some silkscreen labels still overlap.
3D render of the underside of the board, with through-hole pads, vias and the label "CreeperX Mainboard v1.0, 16ch servo carrier, PCA9685 + 3x SY8205, bring your own controller".
The underside, also a render.

One question

The answer is on this page. Get it right and it goes in your passport on the map.

Challenge· stamped

The CreeperX mainboard has 142 components on four layers. How many of these boards have been manufactured so far?

None. The design is complete and checked, with 7 short power connections still to route, but it has not been fabricated. Source: the project's verification notes.

Show the answer

None. None. The design is complete and checked, with 7 short power connections still to route, but it has not been fabricated. Source: the project's verification notes.

Stack
  • KiCad
  • SKiDL (Python)
  • Freerouting
  • KiKit
  • JLCPCB assembly
  • ESP32 (PlatformIO)
  • Raspberry Pi 4
  • Python
  • TensorFlow Lite
  • OpenCV
  • PCA9685 servo driver
  • INA219 power monitor
  • LSM6DS3TR-C IMU
  • SY8205 buck converters

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ANM / End

Adithya N Murthy
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